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Are TI Pspice models encripted?

Started by Unknown April 4, 2014
I was going to try to load the TI TPS54335 spice model into LTspice but it looks encrypted. Is TI encrypting its spice models now?


http://www.ti.com/product/tps54335

Thanks
On Fri, 4 Apr 2014 13:03:58 -0700 (PDT), wanderer@dialup4less.com
wrote:

>I was going to try to load the TI TPS54335 spice model into LTspice but it looks encrypted. Is TI encrypting its spice models now? > > >http://www.ti.com/product/tps54335 > >Thanks
Yep. Looks like TI is following LT's lead... models that will only run on TINA. The posted PSpice model... while I've not yet tried it, looks like it only will do a Bode plot. I'll let you know. ...Jim Thompson -- | James E.Thompson | mens | | Analog Innovations | et | | Analog/Mixed-Signal ASIC's and Discrete Systems | manus | | San Tan Valley, AZ 85142 Skype: Contacts Only | | | Voice:(480)460-2350 Fax: Available upon request | Brass Rat | | E-mail Icon at http://www.analog-innovations.com | 1962 | I love to cook with wine. Sometimes I even put it in the food.
On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 13:49:38 -0700, Jim Thompson
<To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote:

>On Fri, 4 Apr 2014 13:03:58 -0700 (PDT), wanderer@dialup4less.com >wrote: > >>I was going to try to load the TI TPS54335 spice model into LTspice but it looks encrypted. Is TI encrypting its spice models now? >> >> >>http://www.ti.com/product/tps54335 >> >>Thanks > >Yep. Looks like TI is following LT's lead... models that will only >run on TINA. > >The posted PSpice model... while I've not yet tried it, looks like it >only will do a Bode plot. I'll let you know. > > ...Jim Thompson
Yep, only Bode. TI will have its way with you >:-} I just did a model for the TI LM94022 (no model released by TI), based entirely on the datasheet, which is in beta testing. I'll post as soon as it is blessed. Perhaps I'll try the TPS54335, time permitting. The system modeling that the LM94022 goes into is a paying project, so it will dominate my time ;-) ...Jim Thompson -- | James E.Thompson | mens | | Analog Innovations | et | | Analog/Mixed-Signal ASIC's and Discrete Systems | manus | | San Tan Valley, AZ 85142 Skype: Contacts Only | | | Voice:(480)460-2350 Fax: Available upon request | Brass Rat | | E-mail Icon at http://www.analog-innovations.com | 1962 | I love to cook with wine. Sometimes I even put it in the food.
On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 13:59:35 -0700, Jim Thompson
<To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote:

>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 13:49:38 -0700, Jim Thompson ><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: > >>On Fri, 4 Apr 2014 13:03:58 -0700 (PDT), wanderer@dialup4less.com >>wrote: >> >>>I was going to try to load the TI TPS54335 spice model into LTspice but it looks encrypted. Is TI encrypting its spice models now? >>> >>> >>>http://www.ti.com/product/tps54335 >>> >>>Thanks >> >>Yep. Looks like TI is following LT's lead... models that will only >>run on TINA. >> >>The posted PSpice model... while I've not yet tried it, looks like it >>only will do a Bode plot. I'll let you know. >> >> ...Jim Thompson > >Yep, only Bode. TI will have its way with you >:-} > >I just did a model for the TI LM94022 (no model released by TI), based >entirely on the datasheet, which is in beta testing. I'll post as >soon as it is blessed. > >Perhaps I'll try the TPS54335, time permitting. The system modeling >that the LM94022 goes into is a paying project, so it will dominate my >time ;-) > > ...Jim Thompson
Damn, another bizarre National temperature sensor. I wonder why the slope is negative. I like the specification... SYM PARAMETER TYPICAL CL Output Load Capacitance 1100 pF (max) So, that's a typical max? The data sheet is similarly funny in other places. Figs 9, 16, 17, and 18 are hoots. The LM35/45 series was a similar horror, with a nasty output stage, oscillation and latchup problems. Bob Pease promised me that he'd fix it, but he didn't get around to it. -- John Larkin Highland Technology, Inc jlarkin att highlandtechnology dott com http://www.highlandtechnology.com
On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 14:55:05 -0700, John Larkin
<jlarkin@highlandtechnology.com> wrote:

>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 13:59:35 -0700, Jim Thompson ><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: > >>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 13:49:38 -0700, Jim Thompson >><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: >> >>>On Fri, 4 Apr 2014 13:03:58 -0700 (PDT), wanderer@dialup4less.com >>>wrote: >>> >>>>I was going to try to load the TI TPS54335 spice model into LTspice but it looks encrypted. Is TI encrypting its spice models now? >>>> >>>> >>>>http://www.ti.com/product/tps54335 >>>> >>>>Thanks >>> >>>Yep. Looks like TI is following LT's lead... models that will only >>>run on TINA. >>> >>>The posted PSpice model... while I've not yet tried it, looks like it >>>only will do a Bode plot. I'll let you know. >>> >>> ...Jim Thompson >> >>Yep, only Bode. TI will have its way with you >:-} >> >>I just did a model for the TI LM94022 (no model released by TI), based >>entirely on the datasheet, which is in beta testing. I'll post as >>soon as it is blessed. >> >>Perhaps I'll try the TPS54335, time permitting. The system modeling >>that the LM94022 goes into is a paying project, so it will dominate my >>time ;-) >> >> ...Jim Thompson > >Damn, another bizarre National temperature sensor. I wonder why the >slope is negative. > >I like the specification... > >SYM PARAMETER TYPICAL >CL Output Load Capacitance 1100 pF (max) > >So, that's a typical max? > >The data sheet is similarly funny in other places. Figs 9, 16, 17, and >18 are hoots. > >The LM35/45 series was a similar horror, with a nasty output stage, >oscillation and latchup problems. Bob Pease promised me that he'd fix >it, but he didn't get around to it.
You just need to read thru it thoroughly, actually the effects of the Cload values are easy to decipher. What's vague is the deviation with load. If I didn't know CMOS well, it would be difficult to figure out what they mean. ...Jim Thompson -- | James E.Thompson | mens | | Analog Innovations | et | | Analog/Mixed-Signal ASIC's and Discrete Systems | manus | | San Tan Valley, AZ 85142 Skype: Contacts Only | | | Voice:(480)460-2350 Fax: Available upon request | Brass Rat | | E-mail Icon at http://www.analog-innovations.com | 1962 | I love to cook with wine. Sometimes I even put it in the food.
On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 16:10:20 -0700, Jim Thompson
<To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote:

>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 14:55:05 -0700, John Larkin ><jlarkin@highlandtechnology.com> wrote: > >>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 13:59:35 -0700, Jim Thompson >><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: >> >>>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 13:49:38 -0700, Jim Thompson >>><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: >>> >>>>On Fri, 4 Apr 2014 13:03:58 -0700 (PDT), wanderer@dialup4less.com >>>>wrote: >>>> >>>>>I was going to try to load the TI TPS54335 spice model into LTspice but it looks encrypted. Is TI encrypting its spice models now? >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>http://www.ti.com/product/tps54335 >>>>> >>>>>Thanks >>>> >>>>Yep. Looks like TI is following LT's lead... models that will only >>>>run on TINA. >>>> >>>>The posted PSpice model... while I've not yet tried it, looks like it >>>>only will do a Bode plot. I'll let you know. >>>> >>>> ...Jim Thompson >>> >>>Yep, only Bode. TI will have its way with you >:-} >>> >>>I just did a model for the TI LM94022 (no model released by TI), based >>>entirely on the datasheet, which is in beta testing. I'll post as >>>soon as it is blessed. >>> >>>Perhaps I'll try the TPS54335, time permitting. The system modeling >>>that the LM94022 goes into is a paying project, so it will dominate my >>>time ;-) >>> >>> ...Jim Thompson >> >>Damn, another bizarre National temperature sensor. I wonder why the >>slope is negative. >> >>I like the specification... >> >>SYM PARAMETER TYPICAL >>CL Output Load Capacitance 1100 pF (max) >> >>So, that's a typical max? >> >>The data sheet is similarly funny in other places. Figs 9, 16, 17, and >>18 are hoots. >> >>The LM35/45 series was a similar horror, with a nasty output stage, >>oscillation and latchup problems. Bob Pease promised me that he'd fix >>it, but he didn't get around to it. > >You just need to read thru it thoroughly, actually the effects of the >Cload values are easy to decipher.
I especially enjoyed the first-page claim about how it can drive an ADC s/h circuit, and fig 18, which shows that it can't. Why didn't they make it c-load stable? -- John Larkin Highland Technology, Inc jlarkin att highlandtechnology dott com http://www.highlandtechnology.com
On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 18:27:07 -0700, John Larkin
<jlarkin@highlandtechnology.com> wrote:

>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 16:10:20 -0700, Jim Thompson ><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: > >>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 14:55:05 -0700, John Larkin >><jlarkin@highlandtechnology.com> wrote: >> >>>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 13:59:35 -0700, Jim Thompson >>><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: >>> >>>>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 13:49:38 -0700, Jim Thompson >>>><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: >>>> >>>>>On Fri, 4 Apr 2014 13:03:58 -0700 (PDT), wanderer@dialup4less.com >>>>>wrote: >>>>> >>>>>>I was going to try to load the TI TPS54335 spice model into LTspice but it looks encrypted. Is TI encrypting its spice models now? >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>http://www.ti.com/product/tps54335 >>>>>> >>>>>>Thanks >>>>> >>>>>Yep. Looks like TI is following LT's lead... models that will only >>>>>run on TINA. >>>>> >>>>>The posted PSpice model... while I've not yet tried it, looks like it >>>>>only will do a Bode plot. I'll let you know. >>>>> >>>>> ...Jim Thompson >>>> >>>>Yep, only Bode. TI will have its way with you >:-} >>>> >>>>I just did a model for the TI LM94022 (no model released by TI), based >>>>entirely on the datasheet, which is in beta testing. I'll post as >>>>soon as it is blessed. >>>> >>>>Perhaps I'll try the TPS54335, time permitting. The system modeling >>>>that the LM94022 goes into is a paying project, so it will dominate my >>>>time ;-) >>>> >>>> ...Jim Thompson >>> >>>Damn, another bizarre National temperature sensor. I wonder why the >>>slope is negative. >>> >>>I like the specification... >>> >>>SYM PARAMETER TYPICAL >>>CL Output Load Capacitance 1100 pF (max) >>> >>>So, that's a typical max? >>> >>>The data sheet is similarly funny in other places. Figs 9, 16, 17, and >>>18 are hoots. >>> >>>The LM35/45 series was a similar horror, with a nasty output stage, >>>oscillation and latchup problems. Bob Pease promised me that he'd fix >>>it, but he didn't get around to it. >> >>You just need to read thru it thoroughly, actually the effects of the >>Cload values are easy to decipher. > >I especially enjoyed the first-page claim about how it can drive an >ADC s/h circuit, and fig 18, which shows that it can't. > >Why didn't they make it c-load stable?
Ask National/TI. I didn't design it, I just modeled it. That you can't decipher some of the data (because you're CMOS illiterate) is your problem, not mine. ...Jim Thompson -- | James E.Thompson | mens | | Analog Innovations | et | | Analog/Mixed-Signal ASIC's and Discrete Systems | manus | | San Tan Valley, AZ 85142 Skype: Contacts Only | | | Voice:(480)460-2350 Fax: Available upon request | Brass Rat | | E-mail Icon at http://www.analog-innovations.com | 1962 | I love to cook with wine. Sometimes I even put it in the food.
On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 18:58:21 -0700, Jim Thompson
<To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote:

>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 18:27:07 -0700, John Larkin ><jlarkin@highlandtechnology.com> wrote: > >>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 16:10:20 -0700, Jim Thompson >><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: >> >>>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 14:55:05 -0700, John Larkin >>><jlarkin@highlandtechnology.com> wrote: >>> >>>>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 13:59:35 -0700, Jim Thompson >>>><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: >>>> >>>>>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 13:49:38 -0700, Jim Thompson >>>>><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: >>>>> >>>>>>On Fri, 4 Apr 2014 13:03:58 -0700 (PDT), wanderer@dialup4less.com >>>>>>wrote: >>>>>> >>>>>>>I was going to try to load the TI TPS54335 spice model into LTspice but it looks encrypted. Is TI encrypting its spice models now? >>>>>>> >>>>>>> >>>>>>>http://www.ti.com/product/tps54335 >>>>>>> >>>>>>>Thanks >>>>>> >>>>>>Yep. Looks like TI is following LT's lead... models that will only >>>>>>run on TINA. >>>>>> >>>>>>The posted PSpice model... while I've not yet tried it, looks like it >>>>>>only will do a Bode plot. I'll let you know. >>>>>> >>>>>> ...Jim Thompson >>>>> >>>>>Yep, only Bode. TI will have its way with you >:-} >>>>> >>>>>I just did a model for the TI LM94022 (no model released by TI), based >>>>>entirely on the datasheet, which is in beta testing. I'll post as >>>>>soon as it is blessed. >>>>> >>>>>Perhaps I'll try the TPS54335, time permitting. The system modeling >>>>>that the LM94022 goes into is a paying project, so it will dominate my >>>>>time ;-) >>>>> >>>>> ...Jim Thompson >>>> >>>>Damn, another bizarre National temperature sensor. I wonder why the >>>>slope is negative. >>>> >>>>I like the specification... >>>> >>>>SYM PARAMETER TYPICAL >>>>CL Output Load Capacitance 1100 pF (max) >>>> >>>>So, that's a typical max? >>>> >>>>The data sheet is similarly funny in other places. Figs 9, 16, 17, and >>>>18 are hoots. >>>> >>>>The LM35/45 series was a similar horror, with a nasty output stage, >>>>oscillation and latchup problems. Bob Pease promised me that he'd fix >>>>it, but he didn't get around to it. >>> >>>You just need to read thru it thoroughly, actually the effects of the >>>Cload values are easy to decipher. >> >>I especially enjoyed the first-page claim about how it can drive an >>ADC s/h circuit, and fig 18, which shows that it can't. >> >>Why didn't they make it c-load stable? > >Ask National/TI. I didn't design it, I just modeled it. > >That you can't decipher some of the data (because you're CMOS >illiterate) is your problem, not mine. > > ...Jim Thompson
I can read the data sheet. The PSRR, about 4 dB at 30 KHz, seems to be one of those CMOS virtues that you are so fond of. Are you sure you didn't design this one? -- John Larkin Highland Technology Inc www.highlandtechnology.com jlarkin at highlandtechnology dot com Precision electronic instrumentation
On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 19:37:14 -0700, John Larkin
<jjlarkin@highNOTlandTHIStechnologyPART.com> wrote:

>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 18:58:21 -0700, Jim Thompson ><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: > >>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 18:27:07 -0700, John Larkin >><jlarkin@highlandtechnology.com> wrote: >> >>>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 16:10:20 -0700, Jim Thompson >>><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: >>> >>>>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 14:55:05 -0700, John Larkin >>>><jlarkin@highlandtechnology.com> wrote: >>>> >>>>>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 13:59:35 -0700, Jim Thompson >>>>><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: >>>>> >>>>>>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 13:49:38 -0700, Jim Thompson >>>>>><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: >>>>>> >>>>>>>On Fri, 4 Apr 2014 13:03:58 -0700 (PDT), wanderer@dialup4less.com >>>>>>>wrote: >>>>>>> >>>>>>>>I was going to try to load the TI TPS54335 spice model into LTspice but it looks encrypted. Is TI encrypting its spice models now? >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>http://www.ti.com/product/tps54335 >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>Thanks >>>>>>> >>>>>>>Yep. Looks like TI is following LT's lead... models that will only >>>>>>>run on TINA. >>>>>>> >>>>>>>The posted PSpice model... while I've not yet tried it, looks like it >>>>>>>only will do a Bode plot. I'll let you know. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> ...Jim Thompson >>>>>> >>>>>>Yep, only Bode. TI will have its way with you >:-} >>>>>> >>>>>>I just did a model for the TI LM94022 (no model released by TI), based >>>>>>entirely on the datasheet, which is in beta testing. I'll post as >>>>>>soon as it is blessed. >>>>>> >>>>>>Perhaps I'll try the TPS54335, time permitting. The system modeling >>>>>>that the LM94022 goes into is a paying project, so it will dominate my >>>>>>time ;-) >>>>>> >>>>>> ...Jim Thompson >>>>> >>>>>Damn, another bizarre National temperature sensor. I wonder why the >>>>>slope is negative. >>>>> >>>>>I like the specification... >>>>> >>>>>SYM PARAMETER TYPICAL >>>>>CL Output Load Capacitance 1100 pF (max) >>>>> >>>>>So, that's a typical max? >>>>> >>>>>The data sheet is similarly funny in other places. Figs 9, 16, 17, and >>>>>18 are hoots. >>>>> >>>>>The LM35/45 series was a similar horror, with a nasty output stage, >>>>>oscillation and latchup problems. Bob Pease promised me that he'd fix >>>>>it, but he didn't get around to it. >>>> >>>>You just need to read thru it thoroughly, actually the effects of the >>>>Cload values are easy to decipher. >>> >>>I especially enjoyed the first-page claim about how it can drive an >>>ADC s/h circuit, and fig 18, which shows that it can't. >>> >>>Why didn't they make it c-load stable? >> >>Ask National/TI. I didn't design it, I just modeled it. >> >>That you can't decipher some of the data (because you're CMOS >>illiterate) is your problem, not mine. >> >> ...Jim Thompson > >I can read the data sheet. The PSRR, about 4 dB at 30 KHz, seems to be one of >those CMOS virtues that you are so fond of. > >Are you sure you didn't design this one?
Your ignorance and assholiness proceeds you >:-} ...Jim Thompson -- | James E.Thompson | mens | | Analog Innovations | et | | Analog/Mixed-Signal ASIC's and Discrete Systems | manus | | San Tan Valley, AZ 85142 Skype: Contacts Only | | | Voice:(480)460-2350 Fax: Available upon request | Brass Rat | | E-mail Icon at http://www.analog-innovations.com | 1962 | I love to cook with wine. Sometimes I even put it in the food.
On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 21:17:44 -0700, Jim Thompson
<To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote:

>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 19:37:14 -0700, John Larkin ><jjlarkin@highNOTlandTHIStechnologyPART.com> wrote: > >>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 18:58:21 -0700, Jim Thompson >><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: >> >>>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 18:27:07 -0700, John Larkin >>><jlarkin@highlandtechnology.com> wrote: >>> >>>>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 16:10:20 -0700, Jim Thompson >>>><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: >>>> >>>>>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 14:55:05 -0700, John Larkin >>>>><jlarkin@highlandtechnology.com> wrote: >>>>> >>>>>>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 13:59:35 -0700, Jim Thompson >>>>>><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: >>>>>> >>>>>>>On Fri, 04 Apr 2014 13:49:38 -0700, Jim Thompson >>>>>>><To-Email-Use-The-Envelope-Icon@On-My-Web-Site.com> wrote: >>>>>>> >>>>>>>>On Fri, 4 Apr 2014 13:03:58 -0700 (PDT), wanderer@dialup4less.com >>>>>>>>wrote: >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>I was going to try to load the TI TPS54335 spice model into LTspice but it looks encrypted. Is TI encrypting its spice models now? >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>http://www.ti.com/product/tps54335 >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>Thanks >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>Yep. Looks like TI is following LT's lead... models that will only >>>>>>>>run on TINA. >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>The posted PSpice model... while I've not yet tried it, looks like it >>>>>>>>only will do a Bode plot. I'll let you know. >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> ...Jim Thompson >>>>>>> >>>>>>>Yep, only Bode. TI will have its way with you >:-} >>>>>>> >>>>>>>I just did a model for the TI LM94022 (no model released by TI), based >>>>>>>entirely on the datasheet, which is in beta testing. I'll post as >>>>>>>soon as it is blessed. >>>>>>> >>>>>>>Perhaps I'll try the TPS54335, time permitting. The system modeling >>>>>>>that the LM94022 goes into is a paying project, so it will dominate my >>>>>>>time ;-) >>>>>>> >>>>>>> ...Jim Thompson >>>>>> >>>>>>Damn, another bizarre National temperature sensor. I wonder why the >>>>>>slope is negative. >>>>>> >>>>>>I like the specification... >>>>>> >>>>>>SYM PARAMETER TYPICAL >>>>>>CL Output Load Capacitance 1100 pF (max) >>>>>> >>>>>>So, that's a typical max? >>>>>> >>>>>>The data sheet is similarly funny in other places. Figs 9, 16, 17, and >>>>>>18 are hoots. >>>>>> >>>>>>The LM35/45 series was a similar horror, with a nasty output stage, >>>>>>oscillation and latchup problems. Bob Pease promised me that he'd fix >>>>>>it, but he didn't get around to it. >>>>> >>>>>You just need to read thru it thoroughly, actually the effects of the >>>>>Cload values are easy to decipher. >>>> >>>>I especially enjoyed the first-page claim about how it can drive an >>>>ADC s/h circuit, and fig 18, which shows that it can't. >>>> >>>>Why didn't they make it c-load stable? >>> >>>Ask National/TI. I didn't design it, I just modeled it. >>> >>>That you can't decipher some of the data (because you're CMOS >>>illiterate) is your problem, not mine. >>> >>> ...Jim Thompson >> >>I can read the data sheet. The PSRR, about 4 dB at 30 KHz, seems to be one of >>those CMOS virtues that you are so fond of. >> >>Are you sure you didn't design this one? > >Your ignorance and assholiness proceeds you >:-} > > ...Jim Thompson
You sputter when you can't think of any other noise to make. Thing about CMOS is its terrible ratio of capacitance to transconductance. I've seen CMOS opamps that have PSRR *gain*. -- John Larkin Highland Technology Inc www.highlandtechnology.com jlarkin at highlandtechnology dot com Precision electronic instrumentation