Reply by Don December 4, 20222022-12-04
Ralph Mowery wrote:
> Mike Monett VE3BTI says... >> >> I got my first license in 1958. There was not much to the exam, mostly >> regulations and a code test at 5 wpm. A kid could have passed it. Come to >> think of, I was a kid then:) > > Many licenses are a joke. I got my first class license radiotelephone > when I was 22 and had never seen a TV transmitter, but was licensed to > work on them.
My FCC /Restricted/ Radiotelephone Operator Permit allows me to operate aircraft radios and instruments. It doesn't license me to work on them. Danke, -- Don, KB7RPU, https://www.qsl.net/kb7rpu There was a young lady named Bright Whose speed was far faster than light; She set out one day In a relative way And returned on the previous night.
Reply by Ralph Mowery December 4, 20222022-12-04
In article <XnsAF63A56E02B61idtokenpost@88.198.57.247>, spamme@not.com 
says...
> > I got my first license in 1958. There was not much to the exam, mostly > regulations and a code test at 5 wpm. A kid could have passed it. Come to > think of, I was a kid then:) > > >
Many licenses are a joke. I got my first class license radiotelephone when I was 22 and had never seen a TV transmitter, but was licensed to work on them.
Reply by Mike Monett VE3BTI December 4, 20222022-12-04
Piglet <erichpwagner@hotmail.com> wrote:

> On 04/12/2022 14:31, Mike Monett VE3BTI wrote: >> piglet <erichpwagner@hotmail.com> wrote: >> >>> On 03/12/2022 5:49 pm, Mike Monett VE3BTI wrote: >>>> I am trying to find the field strength of a 1 Watt (30 dBm) signal >>>> with an isotropic antenna at a distance of 15 kilometers. >>>> >>>> I need to compare this to a GPS signal of -125 dBm. >>>> >>>> Anyone know how to find this? >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >>> 467uV/m >>> >>> piglet >> >> Fantastic. That is a lot more than I expected. Very interesting. Can >> you show your calculations? >> >> If my calculations are correct, that is >> (467e-6)^2 / 377 = 5.78e-10 W/m = -62.381 dBm, or 63 db above the GPS >> signal. >> >> Perfect. Thanks. >> >> >> >> > > The one I know is E = (7*sqrt(P))/d which gives higher results so tends > to get used for exposure compliance calcs > > E in V/m; P in W; d in m > > 1W at 15km = 467uV/m > > see: > <https://ham.stackexchange.com/questions/10076/how-do-you-calculate-the-f > ield-strength-at-a-given-distance> > > But there is another formula often seen which is ballpark same: > > <https://www.rfwireless-world.com/calculators/Electric-and-magnetic-Field > -Strength-calculator.html> > > E = sqrt(30*P)/d > > 1W at 15km = 365uV/m > > Real life may be wildly different.
This is very valuable information. Thank you for taking the time, and for the links.
> Isn't this stuff Ham Radio 101 that you needed to get your call?
I got my first license in 1958. There was not much to the exam, mostly regulations and a code test at 5 wpm. A kid could have passed it. Come to think of, I was a kid then:)
> piglet
Thanks, Mike -- MRM
Reply by Piglet December 4, 20222022-12-04
On 04/12/2022 14:31, Mike Monett VE3BTI wrote:
> piglet <erichpwagner@hotmail.com> wrote: > >> On 03/12/2022 5:49 pm, Mike Monett VE3BTI wrote: >>> I am trying to find the field strength of a 1 Watt (30 dBm) signal with >>> an isotropic antenna at a distance of 15 kilometers. >>> >>> I need to compare this to a GPS signal of -125 dBm. >>> >>> Anyone know how to find this? >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >> >> 467uV/m >> >> piglet > > Fantastic. That is a lot more than I expected. Very interesting. Can you > show your calculations? > > If my calculations are correct, that is > (467e-6)^2 / 377 = 5.78e-10 W/m = -62.381 dBm, or 63 db above the GPS > signal. > > Perfect. Thanks. > > > >
The one I know is E = (7*sqrt(P))/d which gives higher results so tends to get used for exposure compliance calcs E in V/m; P in W; d in m 1W at 15km = 467uV/m see: <https://ham.stackexchange.com/questions/10076/how-do-you-calculate-the-field-strength-at-a-given-distance> But there is another formula often seen which is ballpark same: <https://www.rfwireless-world.com/calculators/Electric-and-magnetic-Field-Strength-calculator.html> E = sqrt(30*P)/d 1W at 15km = 365uV/m Real life may be wildly different. Isn't this stuff Ham Radio 101 that you needed to get your call? piglet
Reply by Mike Monett VE3BTI December 4, 20222022-12-04
piglet <erichpwagner@hotmail.com> wrote:

> On 03/12/2022 5:49 pm, Mike Monett VE3BTI wrote: >> I am trying to find the field strength of a 1 Watt (30 dBm) signal with >> an isotropic antenna at a distance of 15 kilometers. >> >> I need to compare this to a GPS signal of -125 dBm. >> >> Anyone know how to find this? >> >> >> >> >> > > 467uV/m > > piglet
Fantastic. That is a lot more than I expected. Very interesting. Can you show your calculations? If my calculations are correct, that is (467e-6)^2 / 377 = 5.78e-10 W/m = -62.381 dBm, or 63 db above the GPS signal. Perfect. Thanks. -- MRM
Reply by piglet December 4, 20222022-12-04
On 03/12/2022 5:49 pm, Mike Monett VE3BTI wrote:
> I am trying to find the field strength of a 1 Watt (30 dBm) signal with an > isotropic antenna at a distance of 15 kilometers. > > I need to compare this to a GPS signal of -125 dBm. > > Anyone know how to find this? > > > > >
467uV/m piglet
Reply by Fred Bloggs December 3, 20222022-12-03
On Saturday, December 3, 2022 at 5:09:02 PM UTC-5, whit3rd wrote:
> On Saturday, December 3, 2022 at 11:58:09 AM UTC-8, Tauno Voipio wrote: > > On 3.12.2022 19.49, Mike Monett VE3BTI wrote: > > > I am trying to find the field strength of a 1 Watt (30 dBm) signal with an > > > isotropic antenna at a distance of 15 kilometers. > > > > > > I need to compare this to a GPS signal of -125 dBm. > > > > > > Anyone know how to find this? > > Calculate the surface area of a sphere of 15 km radius > > and divide your transmitting power onto it. > If the radiation is 'isotropic' in the ground plane, it might have a factor of three > more power intensity than that calculation recognizes, because it's a vertical > dipole. It isn't much gain, but that's the implication I'd draw from 'isotropic'.
More likely to use these commodity monopoles: https://www.digikey.com/en/products/detail/TG.08.0113/931-1379-ND/5120279 They list gain as nearly 4dB- take that to mean dBi.
Reply by Fred Bloggs December 3, 20222022-12-03
On Saturday, December 3, 2022 at 6:00:51 PM UTC-5, Jasen Betts wrote:
> On 2022-12-03, Fred Bloggs <bloggs.fred...@gmail.com> wrote: > > On Saturday, December 3, 2022 at 2:58:09 PM UTC-5, Tauno Voipio wrote: > >> On 3.12.2022 19.49, Mike Monett VE3BTI wrote: > >> > I am trying to find the field strength of a 1 Watt (30 dBm) signal with an > >> > isotropic antenna at a distance of 15 kilometers. > >> > > >> > I need to compare this to a GPS signal of -125 dBm. > >> > > >> > Anyone know how to find this? > >> Calculate the surface area of a sphere of 15 km radius > >> and divide your transmitting power onto it. > >> > >> To compare, the radiating power of a GPS satellite is about > >> 500 W, including antenna gain. The radius of its sphere is > >> about 20000 km. > > > > Where are you getting that 500W bullshit? This source says 45W. > > https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/brochure/75016740.pdf > says > "It&rsquo;s transmit power is 44.8 Watt at 1575.43 MHz and the antenna gain > is 12 dBi." > > Thus about 500W as an isotropic radiator as seen from inside the > antenna beam.
Getting back to that 1W isotropic radiator at 15km, incident on the -21dB gain antenna ( 4dBi gain and L-Band wavelength) gives an receiver input power of -65 dBm -21 dB= -86 dBm.
> > > > > > -- > Jasen.
Reply by Fred Bloggs December 3, 20222022-12-03
On Saturday, December 3, 2022 at 6:00:51 PM UTC-5, Jasen Betts wrote:
> On 2022-12-03, Fred Bloggs <bloggs.fred...@gmail.com> wrote: > > On Saturday, December 3, 2022 at 2:58:09 PM UTC-5, Tauno Voipio wrote: > >> On 3.12.2022 19.49, Mike Monett VE3BTI wrote: > >> > I am trying to find the field strength of a 1 Watt (30 dBm) signal with an > >> > isotropic antenna at a distance of 15 kilometers. > >> > > >> > I need to compare this to a GPS signal of -125 dBm. > >> > > >> > Anyone know how to find this? > >> Calculate the surface area of a sphere of 15 km radius > >> and divide your transmitting power onto it. > >> > >> To compare, the radiating power of a GPS satellite is about > >> 500 W, including antenna gain. The radius of its sphere is > >> about 20000 km. > > > > Where are you getting that 500W bullshit? This source says 45W. > > https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/brochure/75016740.pdf > says > "It&rsquo;s transmit power is 44.8 Watt at 1575.43 MHz and the antenna gain > is 12 dBi." > > Thus about 500W as an isotropic radiator as seen from inside the > antenna beam.
I see it now. Looks like they upgraded the L-band antennas a few years ago to broaden the pattern 3dB knees to cover the entire hemisphere of the Earth with a single interception, with a line of sight elevation no less than 5o. https://www.gpsworld.com/gps-iir-iir-m-satellite-antenna-patterns-released-for-worldwide/ In that 3-D illustration they list the distance to satellite as 26,553 km, but that's from Earth center. They list Earth radius as 6,378 km, so that leaves 26,553-6378=20,175 of propagation distance to Earth's surface. NPX article says 20,200, so take that as a match. Then the angle subtended by the Earth as seen from the satellite is 2x6378/26,553x180/pi=27.5o, confirming they're illuminating an entire hemispheric surface. That 44.8W at 12dBi makes for xmit power of 10Log(44.8 x 1000) + 12dBi=58.5 dBm, over the Earth hemisphere with range loss 10Log((20200 x 1000)^2x4pi) (range squared)= 157 dB, making for an incident power of 58.5-157=-98.5 dBm. Then plugging into the receive antenna with 4 dBi gain and taking lambda to be 0.19m ( at 1575 MHz nominal) gets -21dB receive antenna aperture and directivity gain, Gain x Lamda squared/4pi. Total input power to the receiver is then or -98.5 dBm -21= -120dBm as stated in NPX article, which is a match. Add in another 6dB atmospheric loss for -125dBm, not that even 6dB is all that significant. This was a calculation for a receiver looking straight up, 90o elevation, and the power levels won't be that much different at the Earth edges- distance is not that significant but beam pattern being down 3dB is, a little. Fact check on NPX write-up: TRUE https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/brochure/75016740.pdf Thanks for your input.
> > > > > > -- > Jasen.
Reply by Dave Platt December 3, 20222022-12-03
In article <d851b90a-4faa-493f-a1ca-fc0d1afaec5en@googlegroups.com>,
whit3rd  <whit3rd@gmail.com> wrote:

>If the radiation is 'isotropic' in the ground plane, it might have a factor of three >more power intensity than that calculation recognizes, because it's a vertical >dipole. It isn't much gain, but that's the implication I'd draw from 'isotropic'.
Traditionally, "isotropic" is used to refer to antennas which are truly isotropic, radiating equal power in all directions. This is a useful fiction - no such antenna actually exists - but it's the "least common denominator" in antenna patterns because it has no directional bias at all. A vertical dipole would (in principle) have 2.15 dB of gain (in its preferred direction) over an isotropic reference.